Seventy Years of Independence: Assessing India's Economic Growth through the Lens of the Demographic Dividend

Authors

Vijeta, Raj Luxmi

Abstract

India, since its independence in 1947, has undergone significant demographic and economic transformations. The demographic dividend—where the working-age population exceeds the dependent population—has played a pivotal role in shaping the country’s economic trajectory. This study assesses India's utilization of the demographic dividend over the past 70 years, focusing on the relationship between demographic shifts and economic outcomes, such as per capita income growth, labor force participation, savings, and investments. Drawing on a comprehensive analysis of labor market trends, youth unemployment, gender disparities, and the importance of education and skill development, this research evaluates how India has harnessed its demographic potential. The findings highlight that while India has made substantial progress, regional disparities, high youth unemployment, and gender inequality continue to hinder the full realization of the dividend. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for targeted investments in human capital, labor market reforms, and gender equity to sustain growth in the post-demographic dividend era. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on India's future economic prospects as the country approaches the end of its demographic window.

Keywords

Demographic dividend, economic growth, labor force participation, youth unemployment, gender disparities, human capital development, India.

Seventy Years of Independence: Assessing India's Economic Growth through the Lens of the Demographic Dividend. Vijeta, Raj Luxmi. 2024. IJIRCT, Volume 10, Issue 5. Pages 1-7. https://www.ijirct.org/viewPaper.php?paperId=24010049